RAD Data comm 100 Specifikace stáhnout pdf (Strana 16)

Encapsulation

Encapsulating data is a technique used by layered protocols in

which a low level protocol accepts a message from a higher level

protocol, then places it in the data portion of the lower-level

frame. The logistics of encapsulation require that packets traveling

over a physical network contain a sequence of headers.

Ethernet

A local area network (LAN) technology which has extended into

the wide area networks. Ethernet operates at many speeds,

including data rates of 10 Mbps (Ethernet), 100 Mbps (Fast

Ethernet), 1,000 Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet), 10 Gbps, 40 Gbps, and

100 Gbps.

Ethernet OAM

Ethernet operation, administration and maintenance (OAM) are a

set of standardized protocols for measuring and controlling

network performance. There are two layers of Ethernet OAM:

Service OAM (provides end-to-end connectivity fault management

per customer service instance, even in multi-operator networks)

and Link or Segment OAM (detailed monitoring and

troubleshooting of an individual physical or emulated link).

Flow Control

A congestion control mechanism that results in an ATM system

implementing flow control.

Frame

A logical grouping of information sent as a link-layer unit over a

transmission medium. The terms packet, datagram, segment, and

message are also used to describe logical information groupings.

Framing

At the physical and data link layers of the OSI model, bits are fit

into units called frames. Frames contain source and destination

information, flags to designate the start and end of the frame,

plus information about the integrity of the frame. All other

information, such as network protocols and the actual payload of

data, is encapsulated in a packet, which is encapsulated in the

frame.

Full Duplex

A circuit or device permitting transmission in two directions

(sending and receiving) at the same time.

FXO (Foreign Exchange

Office)

A voice interface, emulating a PBX extension, as it appears to the

CO (Central Office) for connecting a PBX extension to a

multiplexer.

FXS (Foreign Exchange

Subscriber)

A voice interface, emulating the extension interface of a PBX (or

subscriber interface of a CO) for connecting a regular telephone

set to a multiplexer.

Gateway

Gateways are points of entrance and exit from a communications

network. Viewed as a physical entity, a gateway is that node that

translates between two otherwise incompatible networks or

network segments. Gateways perform code and protocol

conversion to facilitate traffic between data highways of differing

architecture.

Grooming

In telecommunications, the process of separating and segregating

channels by combing, such that the broadest channel possible can

be assembled and sent across the longest practical link. The aim is

to minimize de-multiplexing traffic and reshuffling it electrically.

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